First of its kind : IXI 4P Concept with a unique F.R.E.E Approach to all topics in all chapters. Each chapter is illustrated logically, systematically and consistently with just one concept as a BASIS: The Concept of IXI 4P.

There are 16 Possibilities of the basics one-to-one double entry set out in Chapter 2 for guiding you for all the topics in all the chapters.

DOUBLE ENTRY is resolved in 4 steps through F.R.E.E approach:
1. FACT is derived from a business transaction.
2. RELEVANCE to be identified with a minimum of 2 accounts.
3. EFFECT with an increase and/or decrease in the total closing balances.
4. EXPECTATION of entries to be determined with Double-Entry Rules.

When all else fails, then this quick guide which is in Graphical & Diagrammatic Format certainly can make it happen for enlightening you at a shortest time in this aspect with an alternative. Your fear of the confusion of where to debit and where to credit should disappear eventually, if the above accounting terms do not deter you.

Main focus is solely on debit and credit.

The Secret of Accounting Principles, that never thought possible before, can now be decoded in such peculiar concept.

This is also a Never Seen Before quick guide. Understanding supersedes knowledge for your total confidence. When there is an alternative, there is always a possibility.

For example, in any accounting document, it is treated as Source Document [ Invoice ] First level. In Second level, it is either Giving Out or Receiving In [ Debit or Credit ]. In determining the double entry, the effect on increase or decrease in value, it is the Third level. 

Four possibilities of entry are expected in Fourth level:
[ a ] 1st Two : Dr. Debtor and Cr. Sale for giving out Invoice; and
[ b ] 2nd Two : Dr. Purchase and Cr. Creditor for receiving in Invoice.

This is an additional Quick Guide to any accounting textbook and appropriate for Accounting Students, Lecturers,Trainers, Corporate Managements and Working Professions.

Add a copy to the learning institutions' library.

Always back to the basics with a basis through the concept of IXI 4P.

Get a complete set of the possible one-to-one basic double entry which has a total of 16.

View page sample and complete table of contents at Amazon.com.

The size of this accounting ledger is handy and easy to carry around. It is in a simpler and user-friendly format for layman.

It is specially designed for Self-employed or Home-based business especially Freelancer, Day care, Hair dressing, Beautician, Contractor, Petty traders, Outsource, Mobile outlets and many more including traders who are constantly on the move.

It is also specially designed for 3 distinct groups of users.

As a Novice, this accounting ledger is sufficient in meeting your requirements for recording your trade transactions. Straight forward with diagrammatically guided format and just match and fill in with total amount for each accounting ledger with 4 basic accounting codes of “I.E.A and L”

I for Income, E for Expense, A for Asset and L for Liability.

4 in 1 format. No need to get 4 different sets of accounting ledger. Waste is kept at the lowest level.

Just tick the appropriate box for the intended account type on top right corner.

Index pages are included therein for ease of monitoring.

A and L are optional and mainly reserved for another 2 groups: Proficient and Expert users.

As to the Add or Minus column, "Add" is for updating Sales or Purchases in ledger as to invoice transactions as well as the “A” account for amount owing by customer or the “L” account for amount owing to supplier respectively. "Minus" is for any return or cash settlement. Recording twice with one for I or E and another for A or L. Optional: These tasks are particularly for Proficient and Expert users.

There are also another 2 extra copies of financial reports in I.D.E.A.L format.

These optional copies are included therein particularly for Proficient and Expert users to prepare financial reports to be forwarded to their public accountant or tax agent for a final professional review and check together with the tax computation, if any, before submitting to Inland Revenue Board on their behalf through online self-assessment.

I.D.E.A.L in abbreviations as to this accounting ledger's title for Novice is Income anD Expense Accounting Ledger. Whereas in financial reports for Proficient and Expert users, it is sequentially structured as Incomes, Direct-costs, Expenses, Assets and Liabilities.

View page sample and complete table of contents at Amazon.com.